Hives (Urticaria): A Complete Guide to Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

What are hives? #

Hives, also known as urticaria, are red, itchy welts that appear on the skin. They can vary in size and shape and can occur anywhere on the body. Hives are often caused by an allergic reaction to a food, medication, or other substance. However, they can also be triggered by stress, infections, and even physical stimuli like heat, cold, or pressure.  

Symptoms of hives: #

• Raised, itchy welts on the skin  
• Welts that vary in size and shape  
• Welts that appear and disappear suddenly  
• Swelling of the skin around the welts  
• Burning or stinging sensation in the affected area  

Causes of hives: #

• Allergic reactions: The most common cause of hives is an allergic reaction to a food, medication, insect sting, or other allergen.  
• Infections: Viral or bacterial infections can also trigger hives.  
• Physical stimuli: Heat, cold, pressure, sunlight, and exercise can all cause hives in some people.  
• Stress: Emotional stress can sometimes trigger hives.  
• Certain medical conditions: In rare cases, hives can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as thyroid disease or lupus.  

Types of hives: #

• Acute urticaria: Hives that last less than six weeks.  
• Chronic urticaria: Hives that last longer than six weeks.  
• Physical urticaria: Hives that are triggered by physical stimuli.  

Diagnosis of hives: #

A doctor can usually diagnose hives by examining the skin. In some cases, they may ask about your medical history or perform allergy tests to identify the trigger.  

Treatment of hives: #

• Antihistamines: These medications can help to reduce the itching and swelling associated with hives.  
• Corticosteroids: In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation.  
• Omalizumab: This medication is used to treat chronic hives that do not respond to other treatments.  
• Avoiding triggers: If you can identify the trigger for your hives, avoiding it can help to prevent future outbreaks.  

Home care for hives: #

• Cool compresses: Applying cool compresses to the affected area can help to reduce itching and swelling.  
• Oatmeal baths: Soaking in an oatmeal bath can also help to soothe the skin.  
• Loose-fitting clothing: Wearing loose-fitting clothing can help to prevent irritation.  
• Avoiding scratching: Scratching can worsen hives and increase the risk of infection.  

When to see a doctor: #

• If your hives are severe or do not improve with home treatment.
• If you have hives along with difficulty breathing or swelling of the throat.
• If you have hives that last longer than six weeks.

Prevention of hives: #

• Identify and avoid your triggers.
• Manage stress.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Additional information: #

• Hives are a common condition that affects people of all ages.  
• Most cases of hives are not serious and can be treated effectively with medication and home care.  
• If you have any concerns about hives, please see your doctor.