An itch, rash or new patch of discolouration can be unsettling. A dermatologist can identify the cause, recommend effective treatment and guide you toward clearer, healthier skin. Here is an overview of common and rare skin conditions — and when to seek expert help.

Common Skin Conditions

Acne: Occurs when hair follicles clog with oil and dead skin cells, causing blackheads, whiteheads, pimples and cysts. Most common in teens and young adults.
Eczema (atopic dermatitis): A chronic inflammatory condition causing dry, itchy, irritated skin that flares over time.
Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that speeds skin cell turnover, leaving thick, red, scaly patches, often on elbows, knees and scalp.
Rosacea: Chronic redness, flushing and pimples on the face, most common in fair-skinned, middle-aged adults.
Seborrheic dermatitis: Greasy, scaly patches, most often on the scalp but also the face and chest.
Fungal infections: Ringworm and athlete's foot are common and respond to antifungal treatment.
Skin cancer: Includes basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Early detection is important, so have changing moles checked promptly.

Rare Skin Diseases

Illustration of medical skin conditions assessed by a dermatologist

Epidermolysis bullosa: A group of genetic disorders that make skin blister and tear from minor friction.
Harlequin and lamellar ichthyosis: Rare genetic disorders causing thick, dry, scaly skin from birth.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Rare, life-threatening reactions to medications or infections that cause skin to blister and peel.
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: Raised, reddish-brown patches, usually on the shins, most often affecting people with diabetes.

This is not a complete list. If you notice any concerning change in your skin, see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Aesthetic vs Medical Concerns

Aesthetic and medical skin concerns treated at a dermatology clinic

The line between medical and cosmetic concerns can blur. Aesthetic concerns include fine lines and wrinkles, loss of volume and elasticity, hyperpigmentation (freckles, sunspots, melasma and post-inflammatory marks), acne scarring, enlarged pores, redness and uneven texture. Medical concerns — acne, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, fungal infections and skin cancer — need a dermatologist's diagnosis and care.

Aesthetic concerns are often addressed with treatments such as anti-aging care, chemical peels, microneedling, lasers or topical products, while medical concerns may need prescription medication or in-clinic procedures. The two often overlap — scarring and hyperpigmentation, for example, can have both medical and cosmetic causes.

When to See a Dermatologist

Everyone's skin is different, and what is a cosmetic concern for one person may be medical for another. See a dermatologist for any persistent or concerning change, and remember that the best results often combine medical and aesthetic care.

For consultations, visit Derma & Dental Clinic in Bahria Town, Lahore, or book online at Derma.pk. Phone: 0304 1115000.