What Is Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a skin condition that causes light, depigmented patches to appear when melanocytes — the cells that produce melanin — die or stop working. It can affect any area but is most common on the hands, face and neck, and may also involve the hair, lips and inside of the mouth. Patches vary in size and shape and may spread or stay stable. Vitiligo is not contagious or life-threatening, though it can be emotionally challenging.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors are linked to it:
- Autoimmune activity: the immune system mistakenly attacks melanocytes.
- Genetics: around 30% of cases have a family history.
- Triggers: sunburn, stress or chemical exposure may set it off.
- Oxidative stress: an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants can damage melanocytes.
Symptoms
The main sign is patchy loss of skin colour. In some cases vitiligo also affects hair pigmentation, causing premature greying or whitening.
Treatment and Care
Options include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy and, in selected cases, surgical procedures. Sun protection matters for everyone with vitiligo, as depigmented skin burns easily — a daily sunblock and an SPF 50 sunscreen help protect exposed patches, while a tinted sunscreen can also help even out appearance.
Consultation
For personalised advice, a dermatologist can assess your skin and recommend a treatment plan. Derma.pk's team offers consultations via WhatsApp at 923205999650.
